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Introduction To Tower Cranes
2024-02-01
The tower crane is a revolving crane with a boom mounted on the upper part of a tall tower. The scope of work is large, mainly used for the vertical transportation of materials and the installation of components in the construction of multi-story and high-rise buildings. It is composed of three parts: metal structure, working mechanism and electrical system. The metal structure includes tower body, boom, base, attachment rod, etc. The working mechanism has four parts: lifting, luffing, turning and walking. The electrical system includes motors, controllers, power distribution boxes, interconnecting lines, signal and lighting devices, etc.
Tower cranes are divided into two types: upper revolving type and lower revolving type:
1. Upper revolving tower crane: the tower body does not rotate, and the boom and balance arm above the slewing support make full slewing around the center line of the tower body through the slewing mechanism. According to the requirements of use, it is divided into running type, fixed type, attached type and internal climbing type. The running tower crane can run along the track, has a large working range and is widely used, and is suitable for the construction of multi-storey buildings; if the crane base is fixed on the track or the tower body is directly fixed on the foundation, it becomes a fixed tower crane. Its boom is long; if the fixed tower crane is connected to the building with attachment rods at every certain height, it is an attached tower crane. It adopts the tower body height connection device so that the upper part of the crane can follow the building It is used for high-rise building construction. The crane is installed in the elevator shaft or other shafts or connected holes, and the hydraulic cylinder is used to make the crane climb up the shaft according to the construction process. It is called an inner-climbing tower crane. Part of the tower body is saved, the service scope is large, and the construction site is not occupied, but there are certain requirements for the structure of the building.
2. Lower rotary tower crane: The slewing support is installed between the base and the turntable. Except for the walking mechanism, other working mechanisms are arranged on the turntable to rotate together. In addition to the track type, there are also crawler type and tire type that use crawler chassis and tire chassis as the walking device. The whole machine has a low center of gravity, can be disassembled and transferred as a whole, is light and flexible, has a wide range of applications, and is suitable for the construction of multi-storey buildings.
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